Evidence from several studies consistently shows decline in cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness and physical function after disabling stroke. The broader implications of such a decline to general health may be partially understood through negative poststroke physiologic adaptations such as unilateral muscle fiber type shifts, impaired hemodynamic function, and decrements in systemic metabolic status. These physiologic changes also interrelate with reductions in activities of daily living (ADLs), community ambulation, and exercise tolerance, causing a perpetual cycle of worsening disability and deteriorating health. Fortunately, initial evidence suggests that stroke participants retain the capacity to adapt physiologically to an exercise training stimulus. Download Tere Jaisa Yaar Kahan Insturmental. However, despite this evidence, exercise as a therapeutic intervention continues to be clinically underutilized in the general stroke population. Far more research is needed to fully comprehend the consequences of and remedies for CR fitness impairments after stroke. The purpose of this brief review is to describe some of what is currently known about the physiological consequences of CR fitness decline after stroke.

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Additionally, there is an overview of the evidence supporting exercise interventions for improving CR fitness, and associated aspects of general health in this population. Introduction Little is known about the biology surrounding decrements in cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness after stroke, but evidence has gradually begun to track the damage caused to multiple physiological systems by stroke-related chronic inactivity [–]. Collectively, these changes negatively impact morbidity and mortality prospects and contribute to reduced quality of life [].

Because CR fitness is a measure that quantifies the ability of the heart, lungs, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles to work together to deliver oxygen and remove metabolic byproducts during exercise, it is indirectly reflective of broad categories of cardiovascular, metabolic, and functional health. Most often, CR fitness is measured using a metabolic cart for gas analysis and exercise equipment (e.g., treadmill, recumbent stepper, or cycle ergometer) to determine peak oxygen-consuming capacity (VO 2 peak) and is quantified during exercise to complete exhaustion [–]. Cashmere Cat Mirror Maru Download 320 Soundcloud. CR fitness varies according to age, gender, physical activity levels, body composition, and the absence or presence of chronic disease or disability. In the poststroke population, the literature suggests that CR fitness is reduced by as much as 50% when compared to age-matched sedentary counterparts [, ].